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Python Quiz-6

Q1. In Python, which of the following is the super class of all created classes?

Super class
Object class
Integer class
Base class

Answer: 2
Explanation: Object class is the super class of all created classes.

Q2. What will be the output of following code:

x = [1, 2, 3]
y = x
y.pop()
print(x, y)

x = [1, 2, 3]

y = x

y.pop()

print(x, y)

[1, 2] [1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 3] [1, 2]
[1, 2, 3] [1, 2, 3]
[1, 2] [1, 2]

Answer: 4
Explanation: pop(index) method remove the item of a list at specified index. If index is not specified it will remove the first element of the list. Also as x is assigned to variable y and both refer to the same object in the memory, value of x and y will be same.

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

x = {1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c'}
del x[1]
x[1] = 5
del x[2]
print(len(x))

x = {1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c'}

del x[1]

x[1] = 5

del x[2]

print(len(x))

Answer: 1
Explanation: del x[1] => x = {2: ‘b’, 3: ‘c’}
x[1] = 5 => x = {2: ‘b’, 3: ‘c’, 1: 5}
del x[2] => x = {3: ‘c’, 1: 5}

Q4. What will be the output of following code:

def func(**kwargs):
    print(type(kwargs), end=" ")
    for i in kwargs:
        print(i, end=" ")

func(x=1, y=2)

def func(**kwargs):

print(type(kwargs), end=" ")

for i in kwargs:

print(i, end=" ")

func(x=1, y=2)

Answer: 3
Explanation: **kwargs are used as arbitrary keyword arguments. If we do not know how many keyword arguments that will be passed into our function then we can add two asterisk ** before the parameter name in the function definition.
Arbitrary Keyword Arguments (**kwargs) make the way for the function to receive the dictionary of arguments.

Q5. In Python, which of the following is a numeric data type?

int
float
complex
All of the above.

Answer: 4
Explanation: In Python language, there are three types of numeric data.
1. int (Example : 0, 2, -1, etc.)
2.float (Example : 0.0, 2.3, -1.5, etc.)
3.complex(Example : 0j, 2j, -1.5j, etc.)

Q6. What will be the output of following code:

x1 = {1, 2, 3}
x2 = x1.add(4)
print(x1, x2)

x1 = {1, 2, 3}

x2 = x1.add(4)

print(x1, x2)

{1, 2, 3} {1, 2, 3, 4}
{1, 2, 3, 4} None
{1, 2, 3, 4} {1, 2, 3, 4}
Error

Answer: 2
Explanation: add() method does not return any value, that’s why x2 will be None.

Q7. What will be the output of following code”

for i in range (5):
    with open("a.txt", "r") as file:
        if i > 2:
            break
print(file.closed, i)

for i in range (5):

with open("a.txt", "r") as file:

if i > 2:

break

print(file.closed, i)

False 5
True 5
False 3
True 3

Answer: 4
Explanation: When you open a file using with keyword, the file is automatically closed after leaving the block, and all the resources that are tied up with the file are released.

Q8. What is the difference between a global variable and a local variable?

Global variable can be used inside a function only while local variable can be used both inside and outside the function.
Local variable can be used inside a function only while global variable can be used both inside and outside the function.
Both are same.
Both are different name for same variables.

Answer: 2
Explanation: As stated, Local variable can be used inside a function only while global variable can be used both inside and outside the function.

Python Quiz-5

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Q1. What will be the output of following code:

class A:
    def __iter__(self):
        self.a = 1
        return self
    def __next__(self):
        x = self.a
        self.a += 1
        return x
a = A()
myiter = iter(a)
next(myiter)
print(next(myiter))

class A:

def __iter__(self):

self.a = 1

return self

def __next__(self):

x = self.a

self.a += 1

return x

a = A()

myiter = iter(a)

next(myiter)

print(next(myiter))

3
1
2
Error

Answer: 3
Explanation: To build a class/object as an iterator, we need the methods __iter__() and __next__().
The __next__() method return the next item in the sequence.
myiter = iter(a) => Creates an iterator.
next(myiter) will execute the __next__() method of class A.
Python Iterators

Q2. The following code will throw an error.

def fun(*x):
    print(x[2])

fun("a", "b", "c")

def fun(*x):

print(x[2])

fun("a", "b", "c")

True
False

Answer: 2
Explanation: *args are used as arbitrary Arguments. If we do not know how many arguments that will be passed into our function then we can add a * before the parameter name in the function definition.

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

print(len(" TheAI "), len(" TheAI ".strip()))

1	print(len(" TheAI "), len(" TheAI ".strip()))

Answer: 4
Explanation: strip() method removes any leading and trailing characters from a string.

Q4. What will be the output of following code:

print(('AILearner')*3)

1	print(('AILearner')*3)

(‘AILearner’,’AILearner’,’AILearner’)
AILearnerAILearnerAILearner
(‘AILearner3’)
Error

Answer: 2
Explanation: Here, * operator will multiply the content of string ‘AILearner’ 3 times.

Q5. What will be the output of following code:

class Language:
    def get_lang(self, line='Python'):
        print(line)
obj = Language()
obj.get_lang('Java')

class Language:

def get_lang(self, line='Python'):

print(line)

obj = Language()

obj.get_lang('Java')

Python
Java
Java
Python
Python
Java

Answer: 2
Explanation: Java is the correct answer.

Q6. What will be the output of following code:

x = [1,2]
x[3:4] = [3]
print(x)

x = [1,2]

x[3:4] = [3]

print(x)

[1, 2, 3]
[1, 3]
[1, 2]
Throws an error!

Answer: 1
Explanation: As the len(x) = 2, x[3:4] will add the data at the end of the list.
Extending a list in Python

Q7. Which of the following data types can have only two values (either True or False)?

integer
Strings
Boolean
Float

Answer: 3
Explanation: Booleans can only have one of two values: True of False.

Q8. What will be the output of print(2 * 3 ** 3 * 2)?

108
432
1458
36

Answer: 1
Explanation: ** is a power operator and it has higher precedence than * multiplication operator. So the equation will be solved as follows:
=> 2 * 3 ** 3 * 2
=> 2 * 27 * 2
=> 54 * 2
=> 108

Python Quiz-4

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Q1. Which of the following statement will read entire content of a text file as string?

txtfile = open(‘a.txt’, ‘r’)
txtfile.read()
txtfile = open(‘a.txt’, ‘r’)
txtfile.readline()
txtfile = open(‘a.txt’, ‘r’)
txtfile.readlines()
txtfile = open(‘a.txt’, ‘r’)
txtfile.reads()

Answer: 1
Explanation: txtfile.read() Read at most n characters from stream. This method will read from underlying buffer until we have n characters or we hit End of file. If n is negative or omitted, read until End of file.

Q2. Which of the following creates iterable elements?

continue
range
break
pass

Answer: 2
Explanation: range(stop) -> range object
range(start, stop[, step]) -> range object
Return an object that produces a sequence of integers from start (inclusive)to stop (exclusive) by step. range(i, j) produces i, i+1, i+2, …, j-1. start defaults to 0, and stop is omitted! range(4) produces 0, 1, 2, 3. These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements. When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement).

Q3. Which of the following is default mode in open() function?

‘a’ – append
‘w’ – write
‘r’ – read
‘x’ – create

Answer: 3
Explanation: ‘r’ => open for reading (default).

Q4. In s1 = “theai” and s2 = “learner”. Output of the print(2*s1[:2]+s2) will be:

thethelearner
eelearner
thlearner
ththlearner

Answer: 4
Explanation: => print(2*s1[:2]+s2)
=> print(2*’th’+s2)
=> print(‘thth’+s2)
=> print(‘ththlearner’)
=> ththlearner

Q5. In Python scope, what does LEGB rule stands for?

Local, Enclosed, Global, and Basic
Local, Enclosing, General, and Built-in
Local, Enclosing, Global, and Basic
Local, Enclosing, Global, and Built-in

Answer: 4
Explanation: Scope Resolution in Python | LEGB Rule

Q6. In Python, which of the following rule is used to decide the order in which the namespaces are to be searched for scope resolution?

LEGB rule (Local, Enclosed, General, Built-in)
LEGB rule (Local, Enclosed, Global, Built-in)
ELGB rule (Enclosed, Local, Global, Built-in)
ELGB rule (Enclosed, Local, Genral, Built-in)

Answer: 1
Explanation: Since x1 and x2 refers to the same object in the memory, adding the items in the x2 will also add items in x1.

Q8. if x = [2, 4, 6, 8], which of the following operation will change x to [2, 4, 8]?

del x[2]
x.remove(6)
x[2:3] = []
All of the above!

Answer: 4
Explanation: del x[2] => will delete the item at index 2.
x.remove(6) => will remove the first occurance of value 6.
x[2:3] = [] => will replace the value at index 2 to nothing.

Python Quiz-3

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Q1. What will be the output of following code:

n = ["a", "b", "c"]
for x in n:
    if x == "b":
        continue
    print(x, end=" ")

n = ["a", "b", "c"]

for x in n:

if x == "b":

continue

print(x, end=" ")

a b c
a b
a c
a

Answer: 3
Explanation: continue keyword will skip the rest of the statements after it in the loop and make the loop to run for the next iteration.

Q2. What will be the output of following code:

def func(x, y=2, z=3):
    def in_fun(a, b):
        x = a+b
        return x
    return x+in_fun(y, z)

print(func(3, 6))

def func(x, y=2, z=3):

def in_fun(a, b):

x = a+b

return x

return x+in_fun(y, z)

print(func(3, 6))

18
12
9
Error

Answer: 2
Explanation: function which is defined inside another function is known as inner function or nested function. Nested functions are able to access variables of the enclosing scope. Inner functions are used so that they can be protected from everything happening outside the function. This process is also known as Encapsulation.
Reference: Inner Functions
Default arguments in Python

Q3. What are the dunder(magic) methods in Python?

Methods that start with single underscore.
Methods that start with double underscore and ends with double underscore.
Methods that start with double underscore.
Methods that ends with single underscore.

Answer: 2
Explanation: Dunder or magic methods in Python are the methods having two prefix and suffix underscores in the method name. Dunder here means “Double Under (Underscores)”. These are commonly used for operator overloading. Few examples for magic methods are: __init__, __add__, __len__, __repr__ etc.
Reference: Dunder or magic methods in Python

Q4. Which of the following option gives the value of rating2 from the code?

dictionary = { 
   "Company":{ 
      "Employee":{ 
         "name":"Virat",
         "Performance":{ 
            "rating1":7/10,
            "rating2":8/10
         }
      }
   }
}

dictionary = {

"Company":{

"Employee":{

"name":"Virat",

"Performance":{

"rating1":7/10,

"rating2":8/10

}

dictionary[“Company”][“Employee”][“Performance”][“rating2”]
dictionary[“Company”][“Employee”][“Performance”][1]
dictionary[“Company”][0][“Performance”][“rating2”]
dictionary[0][“Employee”][“Performance”][“rating2”]

Answer: 1
Explanation: dictionary -> “Company” -> “Employee” -> “Performance” -> “rating2” = 8/10

Q5. Which of the following are main component of JSON in Python?

Arrays and Values
DIctionary and Values
Classes and Objects
Keys and Values

Answer: 4
Explanation: Keys and Values are main component of JSON in Python.

Q6. Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding JSON in Python?

Python has a built-in package called json, which can be used to work with JSON data.
JSON is a syntax for storing and exchanging data.
A Python object can be converted into JSON string using json.create()
A Python object can be converted into JSON string using json.dumps()

Answer: 3
Explanation: A Python object can be converted into JSON string using json.dumps()
Python JSON

Q7. Which of the following is not an iterable Object?

List and tuples
Int
Set
Dictionary

Answer: 2
Explanation: int is a built-in data type and it is not iterable. Lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets are all iterable objects.

Q8. What will be the output of following code:

x={1,2,3,4}
y={3,4,5,6}
print(x^y)

x={1,2,3,4}

y={3,4,5,6}

print(x^y)

{3, 4, 5, 6}
{3, 4}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{1, 2, 5, 6}

Answer: 4
Explanation: ^ operator will return all the items which are not present in both the sets.

Python Quiz-2

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Q1. What will be the output of following code:

def fun(a, b):
    def in_fun(c, d):
        return c*d
    return in_fun(a, b)

print(fun(5, 10))

def fun(a, b):

def in_fun(c, d):

return c*d

return in_fun(a, b)

print(fun(5, 10))

15
5
50
Error

Answer: 3
Explanation: A function which is defined inside another function is known as inner function or nested function. Nested functions are able to access variables of the enclosing scope. Inner functions are used so that they can be protected from everything happening outside the function. This process is also known as Encapsulation.
Reference: Inner Functions

Q2. Which of the following function is used inside a for loop in Python?

count()
iterate()
next()
new()

Answer: 3
Explanation: You can read more about Python for loop here:
What’s inside Python ‘for’ loop?

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

if 2 in {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}:
    print(1)
    print(2)
    if 'e' in 'TheAILearner':
        print(3)
elif 'y' in {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}:
    print('x')
    print('y')
    if 't'in 'TheAILearner':
        print('z')
print("Great!")

if 2 in {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}:

print(1)

print(2)

if 'e' in 'TheAILearner':

print(3)

elif 'y' in {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}:

print('x')

print('y')

if 't'in 'TheAILearner':

print('z')

print("Great!")

1
2
Great!
x
y
Great!
1
2
3
Great!
x
y
z
Great!

Answer: 2
Explanation: If “if” condition is not True then only “elif” condition will execute.

Q4. What will be the output of following code:

x = ("a", 2, 3, 2, 2.3, [1, 2,3])
print(len(x))

1 2	x = ("a", 2, 3, 2, 2.3, [1, 2,3]) print(len(x))

5
8
6
TypeError!

Answer: 3
Explanation: len() function gives the length of the tuple.

Q5. Which of the following statement will return False?

bool(-1)
bool(1)
bool(0)
bool(12E5)

Answer: 3
Explanation: Any number is True, except 0.

Q6. Which of the following brackets can be used to create lists in Python?

[]
{}
()
<>

Answer: 1
Explanation: list1 = [] will create a list in Python.

Q7. In Python, what is the correct way of casting an integer value to a string?

x = str(6)
x = Integer.toString(6);
Both of the above.
None of the above.

Answer: 1
Explanation: In Python language, you can cast an integer to a string by using ‘str’ keyword.

Q8. What will be the output of following code:

"TheAILearner".count("a", 0, 5)

1	"TheAILearner".count("a", 0, 5)

0
1
2
Throws an error!

Answer: 1
Explanation: count() method returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a string. “a” occurs one time in “”TheAILearner”. But in count method start (0) and end (5) index of the string is given where it will search for “a”.

Python Quiz-1

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Q1. Which of the following is true for a lambda function in Python?

A lambda function is a small anonymous function.
A lambda function can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.
Lambda functions are used for functional programming.
All of the above.

Answer: 4
Explanation: All of the statements regarding the Python lambda functions are correct.

Q2. Which of the following is the recommended way to ensure that a file object is properly closed after usage?

Use close() function after the use of file object.
Use try/finally block
Use with statement
All of the above.

Answer: 3
Explanation: When you open a file using with keyword, the file is automatically closed after leaving the block, and all the resources that are tied up with the file are released.

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

import sys
print(sys.getsizeof(()), sys.getsizeof(('a', 'b')), sys.getsizeof(('a', 'b', (1, 2))))

1 2	import sys print(sys.getsizeof(()), sys.getsizeof(('a', 'b')), sys.getsizeof(('a', 'b', (1, 2))))

0 2 3
0 16 24
48 64 72
32 96 128

Answer: 3
Explanation: sys.getsizeof(object, default) return the size of object in bytes.

Q4. Which of the following list assignment in Python will throw an exception?

x = [1, 2, ‘python’]
x = [1, 2, [1, 2]]
x = [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘a’, ‘4.5’, int(3.4)]
None of the above.

Answer: 4
Explanation: in Python language, list items can be of any data types and also a list can contain different data types.

Q5. What will be the output of following code:

x = ("TheAILearner")
print(type(x))

1 2	x = ("TheAILearner") print(type(x))

<class ‘tuple’>
<class ‘str’>
<class ‘list’>
<class ‘int’>

Answer: 2
Explanation: To create a tuple with single item, we need to add comma(,) at the end of the item.

Q6. If str = “AILearner”, what will be the output of print(str == ‘AILearner’, str is “AILearner”)?

False False
True False
False True
True True

Answer: 4
Explanation: In Python language, “is” keyword is used to test if the two variables refers to the same object.

Q7. What will be the output of print(13//2)?

6.5
6
7
Throws an error.

Answer: 2
Explanation: In Python language, // is a floor division operator. This operator will divide the two numbers and round up it to the previous lower integer.

Q8. What will be the output of following code:

x = (1120, 'a', -1120)
print(max(x))

1 2	x = (1120, 'a', -1120) print(max(x))

1120
‘a’
-1120
TypeError

Answer: 4
Explanation: max() does not support comparison between instances of ‘str’ and ‘int’.

Image Processing Quiz-10

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Q1. Which operator is this?

[[-1 0 1]
[-2 0 2]
[-1 0 1]]

Sobel
Scharr
Prewitt
Laplacian

Answer: 1
Explanation: This is a Sobel filter. Refer to this link to know more.

Q2. Which of the following OpenCV functions can be used to threshold an image?

cv2.threshold()
cv2.thresh()
cv2.Thresh()
cv2.Threshold()

Answer: 1
Explanation: In OpenCV, cv2.threshold() can be used to threshold an image. Refer to this link to know more.

Q3. In a high contrast image, _________?

everything looks nearly of the same intensity (dull, washed-out grey look)
everything looks clear to us

Answer: 2
Explanation: In a low contrast image, it is difficult to identify details because everything looks nearly of the same intensity (dull, washed-out grey look) as compared to a high contrast image where everything looks crisp clear. Refer to this link that has examples of both low and high contrast images.

Q4. Which technique is used to construct a color image from a Bayer image?

Sampling
Interpolation
Segmentation
Quantization

Answer: 2
Explanation: Because Bayer filter uses 1 channel containing 25%-Red, 50%-Green, and 25%-Blue pixels instead of 3 channels, so to form a color image we use interpolation to find the missing information. To know more about Bayer filter, refer to this link.

Q5. Which of the following OpenCV functions can be used to create a structuring element?

cv2.getStructuringElement()
cv2.createStructEl()
cv2.createStructuringElement()
cv2.getStructEl()

Answer: 1
Explanation: In OpenCV, cv2.getStructuringElement() can be used to create a structuring element. Refer to this link to know more.

Q6. How to calculate the threshold value for adaptive Thresholding?

Mean of the pixel neighborhood
Weighted Mean of the pixel neighborhood
Median of the pixel neighborhood
Can be any of the above three

Answer: 4
Explanation: We can use any of the above mentioned statistics to calculate the threshold value for adaptive Thresholding.

Q7. In the expression g(x,y) = (k+1)f(x,y) – kb(x,y), if we set k=1 what is this technique called? Suppose f(x,y) is the input image, b(x,y) is its blurred version and g(x,y) is the output image.

Unsharp Masking
Highboost filtering
Laplacian of Gaussian
Difference of Gaussian

Answer: 1
Explanation: This is known as Unsharp Masking. Refer to this link to know more.

Q8. Which of the following set operations are generally used in Morphological image processing?

Union
Intersection
Difference
All of the above

Answer: 4
Explanation: All of the above set operations can be used in Morphological image processing.

Image Processing Quiz-9

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Q1. Difference between the closing and the input image is known as ________?

Black top-hat transform
White top-hat transform
Hit or Miss
Closing

Answer: 1
Explanation: Difference between the closing and the input image is known as Black top-hat transform. Refer to this link to know more.

Q2. Which of the following Morphological operations output the object boundaries?

Erosion
Dilation
Morphological Gradient
Closing

Answer: 3
Explanation: As we know Morphological Gradient is the difference between the dilation and erosion of an image. Because dilation and erosion mostly affect the pixels that are close to the boundary between the foreground and background, their difference generally yields the boundary and thus this is used for edge detection and segmentation tasks.

Q3. What type of filters can be used for noise removal?

Low Pass filters
High Pass filters

Answer: 1
Explanation: Because low pass filters blocks the high-frequency parts of an image, and noise is a high frequency component so Low Pass filters can be used for noise removal.

Q4. Does using a separable filter reduces computational cost?

Answer: 1
Explanation: For instance, the Gaussian kernel is linearly separable. Because of this, the computational complexity is reduced from O(n^2) to O(n).

Q5. In contrast stretching, by changing the shape of the transformation function we can obtain/perform ________?

Min-Max stretching
Percentile stretching
Thresholding function
All of the above

Answer: 4
Explanation: Because Contrast Stretching uses a Piecewise Linear function so by changing the location of points we can obtain all the above mentioned functions.

Q6. Which technique expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the full intensity range of the display?

Contrast Stretching
Gamma Correction
Intensity Level Slicing
None of the above

Answer: 1
Explanation: Out of the above mentioned techniques, Contrast Stretching expands the range of intensity levels in an image.

Q7. Which of the following is an example of Affine Transformation?

Translation
Rotation
Scaling
All of the above

Answer: 4
Explanation: All of the above are examples of Affine Transformation as they preserves collinearity, parallelism as well as the ratio of distances between the points.

Q8. Which of the following is an additive color model?

RGB
CMYK
Both of the above
None of the above

Answer: 1
Explanation: In additive model the colors present in the light add to form new colors. For instance, in RGB color model, Red, Green, and Blue are added together in varying proportions to produce an extensive range of colors. To know more about additive models, refer to this link.

Image Processing Quiz-8

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Q1. A color image is formed by a combination of ________ colors?

Red, Green, and Blue
Black, and White
Red, Green, and White
All colors

Answer: 1
Explanation: A color image has 3 channels that contains the intensity information corresponding to three wavelengths red, green, and blue (RGB) collectively called primary colors or channels.

Q2. In spatial filtering, we convolve the neighborhood of a pixel with a subimage. What we generally call this subimage?

mask
kernel
filter
All of the above

Answer: 4
Explanation: We refer to this subimage by all of the above mentioned names.

Q3. Which of the following interpolation algorithms results in a blocky or pixelated image?

Nearest Neighbor
Bilinear
Bicubic
None of the above

Answer: 1
Explanation: Because in Nearest Neighbor we are only replicating the nearest pixel value so this results in a blocky or pixelated image. To know more about Nearest Neighbor, refer to this link.

Q4. Does Sobel filter have some smoothing effect?

Answer: 1
Explanation: Because Sobel filter is obtained by multiplying the x, and y-derivative filters with some smoothing filter(1D) so this has some smoothing effect.

Q5. Which of the following arithmetic operations can be used for Image Enhancement?

Image Averaging
Image Subtraction
Image Multiplication
All of the above

Answer: 4
Explanation: All the arithmetic operations such as Averaging, subtraction or multiplication can be used for image enhancement. For instance, Averaging can be used for noise removal, subtraction can be used for detecting blockage or moving objects and multiplication can be used for extracting region of interest (roi) using masking etc.

Q6. Suppose we plot the 2D color histogram for Red and Green channels. So, what does each point within this histogram represents?

Frequency corresponding to each Red and Green pair
Pixel location corresponding to each Red and Green pair
Intensity value of the Red color
Intensity value of the Green color

Answer: 1
Explanation: For the above case, Y and X-axis correspond to the Red and Green channel ranges( for 8-bit, [0,255]) and each point within the histogram shows the frequency corresponding to each Red and Green pair. To know more about 2D Image Histograms, refer to this link.

Q7. A 0 degree hue results in which color?

Red
Green
Blue
White

Answer: 1
Explanation: A 0 degree hue results in Red color. Refer to this link to know more.

Q8. What response does a first order derivative filter will give for flat regions in an image?

Zero
positive
negative

Answer: 1
Explanation: As we know that the differentiation of a constant is 0. Since the flat region has nearly constant intensity so the first order derivative filter will give 0 response.

Image Processing Quiz-7

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Q1. What is a separable filter?

a filter which can be written as a product of two more simple filters
a filter that can separate noise from other features
a filter which can be written as a sum of two more simple filters
There is no such term!!!

Answer: 1
Explanation: A separable filter is the one that can be written as a product of two more simple filters.

Q2. Which of the following OpenCV functions can be used to perform Adaptive Thresholding?

cv2.adaptiveThreshold()
cv2.threshold()
cv2.adaptThreshold()
cv2.thresh()

Answer: 1
Explanation: In OpenCV, cv2.adaptiveThreshold() can be used to perform Adaptive Thresholding. Refer to this link to know more.

Q3. In some cases, the Adaptive Histogram Equalization technique tends to over-amplify the noise. Which technique is used to solve this problem?

Histogram Specification
CLAHE
SWAHE
All of the above

Answer: 2
Explanation: The Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) technique tends to over-amplify the noise so to avoid this contrast limiting is applied and this method is known as Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE).

Q4. What is Ringing effect in image processing?

a rippling artifact near sharp edges
a rippling artifact in smooth areas
In this, the filter rings(warns) about the noise
There is no such effect!!!

Answer: 1
Explanation: In image processing, ringing effect refers to a rippling artifact near sharp edges. To know more about this effect, refer to this link.

Q5. What is local contrast enhancement?

In this, we divide the image into small regions and then perform contrast enhancement on these regions independently
In this, we divide the image into small regions and then perform contrast enhancement on all these regions using same transformation function
In this, we simply perform contrast enhancement on the entire image
None of the above

Answer: 2
Explanation: As clear from the name, in local contrast enhancement we divide the image into small regions and then perform contrast enhancement on these regions independently. The transformation function for this is derived from the neighborhood of every pixel in the image.

Q6. In the Gaussian filter, what is the relation between standard deviation and blurring?

Larger the standard deviation more will be the blurring
Larger the standard deviation less will be the blurring
No relation!!!

Answer: 1
Explanation: In Gaussian filter, larger the standard deviation more will be the blurring.

Q7. Which of the following are the common uses of image gradients?

Edge detection
Feature Matching
Both of the above
None of the above

Answer: 3
Explanation: Image gradients can be used for both Edge Detection (for instance in Canny Edge Detector) and Feature Matching.

Q8. How does the change in filter size affects blurring? Assume the filter is a smoothing filter.

Blurring increases with decrease in the filter size
Blurring decreases with increase in the filter size
Blurring increases with increase in the filter size
There is no effect of filter size on blurring!!!

Answer: 3
Explanation: As we increase the filter size, Blurring also increases.

Q1. In Python, which of the following is the super class of all created classes?

Q2. What will be the output of following code:

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

Q4. What will be the output of following code:

Q5. In Python, which of the following is a numeric data type?

Q6. What will be the output of following code:

Q7. What will be the output of following code”

Q8. What is the difference between a global variable and a local variable?

Q1. What will be the output of following code:

Q2. The following code will throw an error.

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

Q4. What will be the output of following code:

Q5. What will be the output of following code:

Q6. What will be the output of following code:

Q7. Which of the following data types can have only two values (either True or False)?

Q8. What will be the output of print(2 * 3 ** 3 * 2)?

Q1. Which of the following statement will read entire content of a text file as string?

Q2. Which of the following creates iterable elements?

Q3. Which of the following is default mode in open() function?

Q4. In s1 = “theai” and s2 = “learner”. Output of the print(2*s1[:2]+s2) will be:

Q5. In Python scope, what does LEGB rule stands for?

Q6. In Python, which of the following rule is used to decide the order in which the namespaces are to be searched for scope resolution?

Q8. if x = [2, 4, 6, 8], which of the following operation will change x to [2, 4, 8]?

Q1. What will be the output of following code:

Q2. What will be the output of following code:

Q3. What are the dunder(magic) methods in Python?

Q4. Which of the following option gives the value of rating2 from the code?

Q5. Which of the following are main component of JSON in Python?

Q6. Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding JSON in Python?

Q7. Which of the following is not an iterable Object?

Q8. What will be the output of following code:

Q1. What will be the output of following code:

Q2. Which of the following function is used inside a for loop in Python?

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

Q4. What will be the output of following code:

Q5. Which of the following statement will return False?

Q6. Which of the following brackets can be used to create lists in Python?

Q7. In Python, what is the correct way of casting an integer value to a string?

Q8. What will be the output of following code:

Q1. Which of the following is true for a lambda function in Python?

Q2. Which of the following is the recommended way to ensure that a file object is properly closed after usage?

Q3. What will be the output of following code:

Q4. Which of the following list assignment in Python will throw an exception?

Q5. What will be the output of following code:

Q6. If str = “AILearner”, what will be the output of print(str == ‘AILearner’, str is “AILearner”)?

Q7. What will be the output of print(13//2)?

Q8. What will be the output of following code:

Q1. Which operator is this?

Q2. Which of the following OpenCV functions can be used to threshold an image?

Q3. In a high contrast image, _________?

Q4. Which technique is used to construct a color image from a Bayer image?

Q5. Which of the following OpenCV functions can be used to create a structuring element?

Q6. How to calculate the threshold value for adaptive Thresholding?

Q7. In the expression g(x,y) = (k+1)*f(x,y) – k*b(x,y), if we set k=1 what is this technique called? Suppose f(x,y) is the input image, b(x,y) is its blurred version and g(x,y) is the output image.

Q8. Which of the following set operations are generally used in Morphological image processing?

Q1. Difference between the closing and the input image is known as ________?

Q2. Which of the following Morphological operations output the object boundaries?

Q3. What type of filters can be used for noise removal?

Q4. Does using a separable filter reduces computational cost?

Q5. In contrast stretching, by changing the shape of the transformation function we can obtain/perform ________?

Q6. Which technique expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the full intensity range of the display?

Q7. Which of the following is an example of Affine Transformation?

Q8. Which of the following is an additive color model?

Q1. A color image is formed by a combination of ________ colors?

Q2. In spatial filtering, we convolve the neighborhood of a pixel with a subimage. What we generally call this subimage?

Q3. Which of the following interpolation algorithms results in a blocky or pixelated image?

Q4. Does Sobel filter have some smoothing effect?

Q5. Which of the following arithmetic operations can be used for Image Enhancement?

Q6. Suppose we plot the 2D color histogram for Red and Green channels. So, what does each point within this histogram represents?

Q7. A 0 degree hue results in which color?

Q8. What response does a first order derivative filter will give for flat regions in an image?

Q1. What is a separable filter?

Q2. Which of the following OpenCV functions can be used to perform Adaptive Thresholding?

Q3. In some cases, the Adaptive Histogram Equalization technique tends to over-amplify the noise. Which technique is used to solve this problem?

Q4. What is Ringing effect in image processing?

Q5. What is local contrast enhancement?

Q6. In the Gaussian filter, what is the relation between standard deviation and blurring?

Q7. Which of the following are the common uses of image gradients?

Q8. How does the change in filter size affects blurring? Assume the filter is a smoothing filter.

Q7. In the expression g(x,y) = (k+1)f(x,y) – kb(x,y), if we set k=1 what is this technique called? Suppose f(x,y) is the input image, b(x,y) is its blurred version and g(x,y) is the output image.